Conditions

Acid reflux (GERD)

Stomach acid flowing back into the oesophagus, causing heartburn and regurgitation.

Acne vulgaris

A common skin condition where hair follicles clog with oil and dead skin, producing blackheads, whiteheads, and inflamed papules — most often on the face, chest, and back.

ADHD

A neurodevelopmental condition affecting attention, impulse control, and activity level across daily life.

Age-related macular degeneration

Progressive damage to the central retina that blurs central vision in older adults.

Allergic rhinitis (hay fever)

An allergic reaction in the nose to airborne triggers like pollen, dust mites, or animal dander, causing sneezing, a runny or blocked nose, and itchy, watery eyes.

Anxiety & stress

Excessive, persistent worry or stress that interferes with daily life.

Asthma

A chronic condition where the airways narrow and inflame, causing wheezing, breathlessness, and cough.

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

A chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition causing dry, intensely itchy, inflamed patches — often starting in childhood and linked to a weakened skin barrier.

Atrial fibrillation

An irregular, often rapid heart rhythm that raises the risk of stroke and heart failure.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

Non-cancerous prostate enlargement in older men causing urinary frequency, urgency, and a weak stream.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Compression of the median nerve at the wrist, causing numbness, tingling, and pain in the thumb, index, and middle fingers — often worse at night.

Chronic fatigue

Persistent, disabling fatigue not relieved by rest and not explained by another condition.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain

Persistent, non-specific pain in muscles and joints lasting months.

Chronic stress

Prolonged psychological stress that affects sleep, mood, and physical health.

Chronic venous insufficiency

When leg veins struggle to return blood to the heart, causing aching, heaviness, swelling, and varicose veins — usually worse after standing.

Cognitive decline & memory

Age-related changes in memory, attention, and thinking speed — ranging from normal forgetfulness to mild cognitive impairment and dementia.

Cold sores

Recurrent blisters around the lips caused by the herpes simplex virus.

Common cold

A mild, self-limiting viral infection of the nose and throat.

Constipation

Infrequent, hard, or difficult-to-pass stools.

COPD

Long-term lung disease, usually from smoking, causing progressive breathlessness and cough.

Coronary artery disease

Narrowing of the arteries supplying the heart, which can cause chest pain (angina) and heart attacks.

Depression

A common but serious mood disorder causing persistent low mood, loss of interest, and changes in sleep, appetite, energy, and concentration — ranging from mild to severe.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Nerve damage from long-term high blood sugar, typically causing pain, burning, tingling, or numbness that starts in the feet.

Dry eye

Insufficient or poor-quality tears causing gritty, irritated, tired eyes.

Erectile dysfunction

Difficulty getting or keeping an erection, which can also be an early sign of cardiovascular disease.

Fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Fat build-up in the liver, linked to weight and metabolic health; can progress to inflammation (NASH) and scarring.

Fibromyalgia

A chronic condition of widespread pain, fatigue, and sleep and mood disturbance, with heightened pain sensitivity.

Gallstones

Hardened deposits in the gallbladder that can block bile flow and cause severe right-upper-abdominal pain.

Gout

A form of arthritis caused by uric-acid crystals, classically a sudden, intensely painful, red, swollen big-toe joint.

Hair loss

Gradual thinning or loss of scalp hair, most commonly the hereditary androgenetic pattern.

Hand osteoarthritis

Wear of the small joints of the hand, causing knobbly, achy, stiff fingers — common with age.

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Autoimmune inflammation of the thyroid, the most common cause of an underactive thyroid.

Heart failure

A long-term condition where the heart cannot pump blood as effectively as it should, causing breathlessness, fatigue, and fluid build-up.

Hemorrhoids

Swollen veins in the lower rectum and anus causing itching, discomfort, and bright-red bleeding.

High blood pressure

Persistently elevated arterial pressure — usually symptomless, but a major driver of heart attack, stroke, and kidney disease.

High cholesterol

Elevated LDL ("bad") cholesterol, a key, symptomless risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

High triglycerides

Raised levels of triglyceride fats in the blood, which contribute to cardiovascular risk and, when very high, pancreatitis.

Hip osteoarthritis

Degenerative wear of the hip joint causing groin or buttock pain and stiffness, worse with weight-bearing.

Hyperthyroidism

An overactive thyroid producing too much hormone, causing weight loss, palpitations, anxiety, and heat intolerance.

Hypothyroidism

An underactive thyroid producing too little hormone, causing fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and low mood.

Inflammatory bowel disease

Chronic immune-driven inflammation of the gut (Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis) causing diarrhea, pain, and bleeding.

Influenza

A viral respiratory infection causing fever, aches, and fatigue — usually self-limiting but riskier for vulnerable groups.

Insomnia

Difficulty falling or staying asleep despite adequate opportunity, with daytime impact.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A common disorder of gut–brain interaction causing abdominal pain with altered bowel habits.

Kidney stones

Hard mineral deposits that form in the kidneys and cause severe flank pain as they pass.

Knee osteoarthritis

Gradual wear of the knee’s cartilage causing pain, stiffness and reduced function — the most common joint affected by osteoarthritis.

Low back pain

Pain in the lumbar spine, usually non-specific and self-limiting, but occasionally a sign of something serious.

Menopause symptoms

Symptoms around the end of menstruation — hot flashes, sleep and mood changes — from declining estrogen.

Metabolic syndrome

A cluster of risk factors — abdominal fat, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal lipids — that together raise cardiovascular and diabetes risk.

Migraine

A neurological disorder of recurrent, often one-sided throbbing headaches, sometimes with aura, nausea, and light sensitivity.

Minor burns

Superficial burns affecting the outer skin layers, causing redness, pain, and sometimes blistering, that usually heal without scarring when small and well cared for.

Muscle cramps

Sudden, involuntary, painful muscle contractions, often in the calf and often at night.

Muscle soreness (DOMS)

The achy, tender muscles that appear a day or two after unfamiliar or intense exercise.

Nausea & vomiting

The unpleasant feeling of needing to be sick, with or without vomiting — a symptom of many causes, from pregnancy and motion to medication and surgery.

Obesity

Excess body fat that raises the risk of diabetes, heart disease, and joint problems; managed with diet, activity, and sometimes medication.

Osteoporosis

A condition where bones lose density and strength, raising the risk of fractures — especially of the hip, spine, and wrist — often without symptoms until a break occurs.

Overactive bladder

A sudden, frequent urge to urinate, sometimes with leakage.

Parkinson's disease

A progressive neurological disorder affecting movement, causing tremor, stiffness, and slowness.

Peptic ulcer disease

Open sores in the stomach or upper intestine lining, often from H. pylori or NSAIDs, causing burning upper-abdominal pain.

Period pain

Painful cramping during menstruation, usually from uterine contractions.

Peripheral artery disease

Narrowed leg arteries that reduce blood flow, causing cramping leg pain on walking.

Plantar fasciitis

Inflammation/degeneration of the band along the sole, causing sharp heel pain — classically worst with the first steps in the morning.

Polycystic ovary syndrome

A common hormonal disorder causing irregular periods, excess androgens, and metabolic effects.

Prediabetes

Blood sugar higher than normal but not yet diabetic — a reversible warning stage where diet and activity matter most.

Premenstrual syndrome

Physical and emotional symptoms in the days before a period, ranging from mild to disabling (PMDD).

Psoriasis

A chronic immune-driven skin condition causing thick, scaly, often itchy plaques.

Recurrent urinary tract infection

Repeated urinary tract infections (commonly defined as 2+ in 6 months or 3+ in a year), usually in women, causing burning, urgency, and frequent urination.

Restless legs syndrome

An irresistible urge to move the legs, usually in the evening, that disrupts sleep.

Rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disease causing symmetric joint inflammation, often starting in the hands and wrists.

Rosacea

A chronic skin condition causing facial flushing, redness, and pimple-like bumps, usually on the central face.

Sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss)

The progressive loss of muscle mass and strength with aging, which raises the risk of falls, frailty, and loss of independence.

Seborrheic dermatitis

A common scaly, itchy rash of oily areas like the scalp and face (dandruff is the mild scalp form).

Sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinuses causing facial pressure, congestion, and nasal discharge — usually viral and self-limiting.

Tendinopathy

Pain and dysfunction of a tendon from overuse — common at the elbow (tennis elbow), Achilles, and shoulder — where the tendon degenerates rather than simply 'inflames'.

Tension headache

The common "band around the head" headache — usually mild-to-moderate, bilateral, and pressing rather than throbbing.

Tinnitus

The perception of ringing or buzzing with no external source, often linked to hearing loss.

Type 2 diabetes

A long-term condition where the body cannot keep blood sugar in a healthy range, usually from a mix of insulin resistance and declining insulin output from the pancreas.